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PVT Regulations

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  1. Part 61 Regulations

    §61.3 Requeriments for certificates
  2. §61.19 Duration of pilot certificates
  3. §61.23 Medical Certificates: Requirement and Duration
  4. §61.31 Type Rating and additional training requirements
  5. §61.51 Pilot Logbooks
  6. §61.56 Flight Review
  7. §61.57 Recent flight experience: Pilot in command
  8. §61.60 Change of address
  9. §61.103 - Eligibility requirements
  10. §61.113 Private pilot privileges and limitations
  11. Part 91 Regulations
    §91.3 Responsibility and authority of the pilot in command
  12. §91.7 Civil aircraft airworthiness
  13. §91.9 Civil aircraft flight manual, marking, and placard requirements
  14. §91.13 Careless or reckless operation
  15. §91.15 Dropping objects
  16. §91.17 Alcohol or drugs
  17. §91.21 Portable electronic devices
  18. §91.103 Preflight action
  19. §91.105 Flight crewmembers at stations
  20. §91.107 Use of safety belts and shoulder harnesses
  21. §91.109 Flight instruction; Simulated instrument flight
  22. §91.111 Operating near other aircraft
  23. §91.113 Right-of-way rules: Except water operations
  24. §91.117 Aircraft speed
  25. §91.119 Minimum safe altitudes: General
  26. §91.121 Altimeter settings
  27. §91.123 Compliance with ATC clearances and instructions
  28. §91.125 ATC light signals
  29. §91.144 Temporary restriction on flight operations during abnormally high barometric pressure conditions
  30. §91.151 Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions
  31. §91.155 Basic VFR weather minimums
  32. § 91.157 Special VFR weather minimums
  33. §91.159 VFR cruising altitude or flight level
  34. §91.203 Civil aircraft: Certifications required
  35. §91.205 Instrument and equipment requirements
  36. §91.207 Emergency locator transmitters
  37. §91.209 Aircraft lights
  38. §91.211 Supplemental oxygen
  39. §91.213 Inoperative instruments and equipment
  40. § 91.215 ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment and use
  41. §91.409 Inspections
  42. §91.413 ATC transponder tests and inspections
  43. NTSB 830
    §830.1 Applicability
  44. §830.2 Definitions
  45. §830.5 - Immediate notification
  46. §830.6 - Information to be given in notification
  47. Miscellaneous
    Part 43 Appendix A Part C
  48. References

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PVT Regulations §61.31 Type Rating and additional training requirements
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§61.31 Type Rating and additional training requirements

Mateo Espin January 14, 2021

§61.31 Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements

(a) Type ratings required. A person who acts as a pilot in command of any of the following aircraft must hold a type rating for that aircraft:

(1) Large aircraft (except lighter-than-air).

(2) Turbojet-powered airplanes.

(3) Other aircraft specified by the Administrator through aircraft type certificate procedures.

(e) Additional training required for operating complex airplanes.

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of a complex airplane, unless the person has –

(i) Received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in a complex airplane, or in a full flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a complex airplane, and has been found proficient in the operation and systems of the airplane; and

(ii) Received a one-time endorsement in the pilot’s logbook from an authorized instructor who certifies the person is proficient to operate a complex airplane.

(f) Additional training required for operating high-performance airplanes.

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (f)(2) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of a high-performance airplane (an airplane with an engine of more than 200 horsepower), unless the person has –

(i) Received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in a high-performance airplane, or in a full flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a high-performance airplane, and has been found proficient in the operation and systems of the airplane; and

(ii) Received a one-time endorsement in the pilot’s logbook from an authorized instructor who certifies the person is proficient to operate a high-performance airplane.

(g) Additional training required for operating pressurized aircraft capable of operating at high altitudes.

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(3) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of a pressurized aircraft (an aircraft that has a service ceiling or maximum operating altitude, whichever is lower, above 25,000 feet MSL), unless that person has received and logged ground training from an authorized instructor and obtained an endorsement in the person’s logbook or training record from an authorized instructor who certifies the person has satisfactorily accomplished the ground training. The ground training must include at least the following subjects:

(i) High-altitude aerodynamics and meteorology;

(ii) Respiration;

(iii) Effects, symptoms, and causes of hypoxia and any other high-altitude sickness;

(iv) Duration of consciousness without supplemental oxygen;

(v) Effects of prolonged usage of supplemental oxygen;

(vi) Causes and effects of gas expansion and gas bubble formation;

(vii) Preventive measures for eliminating gas expansion, gas bubble formation, and high-altitude sickness;

(viii) Physical phenomena and incidents of decompression; and

(ix) Any other physiological aspects of high-altitude flight.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(3) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of a pressurized aircraft unless that person has received and logged training from an authorized instructor in a pressurized aircraft, or in a full flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a pressurized aircraft, and obtained an endorsement in the person’s logbook or training record from an authorized instructor who found the person proficient in the operation of a pressurized aircraft. The flight training must include at least the following subjects:

(i) Normal cruise flight operations while operating above 25,000 feet MSL;

(ii) Proper emergency procedures for simulated rapid decompression without actually depressurizing the aircraft; and

(iii) Emergency descent procedures.

(i) Additional training required for operating tailwheel airplanes.

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of a tailwheel airplane unless that person has received and logged flight training from an authorized instructor in a tailwheel airplane and received an endorsement in the person’s logbook from an authorized instructor who found the person proficient in the operation of a tailwheel airplane. The flight training must include at least the following maneuvers and procedures:

(i) Normal and crosswind takeoffs and landings;

(ii) Wheel landings (unless the manufacturer has recommended against such landings); and

(iii) Go-around procedures.

For more information refer to § 61.31