Navigation Systems

Advances in navigational radio receivers installed in aircraft, the development of aeronautical charts that show the exact location of ground transmitting stations and their frequencies, along with refined flight deck instrumentation make it possible for pilots to navigate with precision to almost any point desired. Although precision in navigation is obtainable through the proper use of this equipment, beginning pilots should use this equipment to supplement navigation by visual reference to the ground (pilotage). This method provides the pilot with an effective safeguard against disorientation in the event of radio malfunction.

There are three radio navigation systems available for use for VFR navigation.

• Global Positioning System (GPS)
• VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR)
• Nondirectional Radio Beacon (NDB)